Immutable zkEVM batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Immutable zkEVM is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Immutable zkEVM was founded by the Immutable team and launched in 2023.

Immutable team owns and governs the protocol. Immutable's investors include Coinbase Ventures, Temasek, Tencent Holdings, etc.

website

twitter

github

telegram

discord

medium

governance

etherscan

Blockchains (L2)

Immutable zkEVM

# Supply-side fees Methodology

## Overview

share of fees that goes to the service providers.

## Data sources

- Smart contract events and program instructions capturing fee-generating activities
- Block-level fee data and transaction metadata
- Token price feeds for USD conversion
- Token metadata for decimal precision

## Common calculation approaches

### Smart contract fee extraction
For decentralized exchanges and lending protocols, supply-side fees are calculated by extracting fee-related data directly from smart contract events and program instructions. For example, swap fees are derived from `Swap` events from Uniswap pools and swap instructions from Meteora programs on Solana, while interest-based fees are captured from `ReserveDataUpdated` events from Aave contracts. These raw amounts are normalized by decimal precision and converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds.

### Revenue-split deduction
For liquid staking platforms and certain automated market makers, supply-side fees are determined by applying a distribution split to total fees or by subtracting protocol revenue from total fees. In the case of Lido Finance, supply-side fees are calculated as a fixed percentage of total staking rewards, representing the portion distributed to node operators. Similarly, for Uniswap, the supply-side portion is derived by subtracting the protocol revenue retained by the treasury from the total fees generated by trading activity.

### Transaction fee allocation
For blockchain networks, supply-side fees are defined as the portion of transaction fees distributed to validators for securing the network. On Solana, these fees are calculated by aggregating block-level fee data and subtracting the portion of transaction fees that is permanently burned. The remaining net compensation is then converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds.

**Note:** The calculation approaches and protocol examples above are representative patterns. Individual protocol implementations may vary.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Portion of fees distributed to service providers or supply-side participants.

Immutable zkEVMIMX

Supply-side fees

Supply-side fees

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown