Gravity Alpha batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Gravity Alpha is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Gravity Alpha was founded by Galxe and launched in 2024.

G tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Galxe's investors include Arbitrum Foundation, Multicoin Capital, Dragonfly Capital, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Gravity Alpha Mainnet

# Gravity Alpha Mainnet Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Transactions per second (TPS) measures the average number of unique transactions processed per second on the GravityAlpha L2 blockchain on a daily basis. This metric provides insight into network throughput and usage intensity by converting daily transaction volumes into a standardized per-second rate. The calculation takes the total number of unique transactions in a day and divides by 86,400 seconds to provide a daily average TPS value.

## 2. Data sources

- **GravityAlpha blockchain transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the GravityAlpha L2 blockchain including transaction hashes, block timestamps, sender and receiver addresses, gas prices, and gas usage amounts
- **Table edits cache**: Metadata tracking system for incremental data processing that records last modification times for efficient updates

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction data extraction and standardization
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize raw transaction data from the GravityAlpha blockchain
- **Logic**: All transactions from GravityAlpha blockchain transaction records are retrieved with key fields including `block_timestamp`, `transaction_hash`, `from_address`, `to_address`, gas pricing (`receipt_effective_gas_price`), and gas usage (`receipt_gas_used`). The data is standardized with hardcoded values including token address set to `0xbb859e225ac8fb6be1c7e38d87b767e95fef0ebd`, token symbol as `G`, chain identifier as `gravityalpha`, market sector as `blockchains_l2`, and business segment as `blockchain`. Gas fees are calculated by multiplying gas used amounts by gas prices and converting from wei to whole units by dividing by 1e18.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` for uniqueness, address fields for transaction parties, and calculated `gas_fee_amount`

### Component B: Daily transaction count aggregation  
- **Purpose**: Aggregate unique transactions into daily counts grouped by relevant dimensions
- **Logic**: Transaction timestamps are truncated to daily boundaries using day-level timestamp truncation. Transactions are grouped by the truncated timestamp, timestamp grain set to `day`, chain ID as `gravityalpha`, market sector, business segment, product ID (set to null), and `to_address`. Within each group, distinct transaction hashes are counted to ensure each unique transaction is counted exactly once, preventing double-counting of the same transaction.
- **Key fields**: Truncated `timestamp`, `transaction_count` representing distinct transaction hashes per day, dimensional grouping fields

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Daily transaction counts are directly used as input for the transactions per second calculation
- **TPS conversion**: The daily transaction count is divided by the number of seconds in a day (86400) using safe division to calculate the average transactions per second for that day
- **Time aggregation**: Data is processed at daily boundaries with each day producing one TPS value representing the average throughput for that 24-hour period  
- **Final calculation**: Transactions per second equals daily unique transaction count divided by 86400 seconds, with finalization logic that validates schema consistency, ensures proper data types, fills gaps with zero values for missing days, and applies incremental processing with lookback periods for data consistency

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

Gravity Alpha MainnetG

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown