Gravity Alpha batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Gravity Alpha is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Gravity Alpha was founded by Galxe and launched in 2024.

G tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Galxe's investors include Arbitrum Foundation, Multicoin Capital, Dragonfly Capital, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Gravity Alpha Mainnet

# Gravity Alpha Mainnet Average transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Gravity Alpha transaction fee average metric measures the average cost per transaction on the Gravity Alpha blockchain, expressed in USD. This metric is calculated by dividing the total daily transaction fees (in USD) by the total number of transactions for each day. It provides insight into the cost efficiency and network usage patterns of the Gravity Alpha Layer 2 blockchain.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain transaction records**: Raw transaction data from the Gravity Alpha blockchain including gas usage, gas prices, transaction hashes, addresses, and block timestamps
- **External price data**: End-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko for the G-token (coingecko_id: 'g-token') to convert native token fees to USD
- **Gas pricing data**: Effective gas price and gas used amounts from Gravity Alpha transaction receipts

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction data processing
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize raw transaction data from Gravity Alpha blockchain
- **Logic**: Raw transaction records are processed to extract key fields including block timestamps, transaction hashes, sender and receiver addresses, gas usage amounts (`receipt_gas_used`), and effective gas prices (`receipt_effective_gas_price`). The data is filtered to include only Gravity Alpha transactions and enriched with standardized metadata including chain identifier, token address (`0xbb859e225ac8fb6be1c7e38d87b767e95fef0ebd`), and token symbol ('G')
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` for unique identification, `gas_used_amount` and `gas_price` for fee calculation, `from_address` and `to_address` for transaction parties

### Component B: Gas fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Convert raw gas usage and pricing data into native token fee amounts
- **Logic**: For each transaction, gas fees are calculated by multiplying gas used amount by gas price, then dividing by 1e18 to convert from wei to G-tokens. This produces the `gas_fee_amount` field representing the transaction fee in native G-tokens
- **Key fields**: `gas_fee_amount` calculated as `(gas_used_amount × gas_price) / 1e18`

### Component C: Daily fee aggregation and USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Aggregate transaction fees by day and convert to USD values
- **Logic**: Transaction fees are grouped by day using timestamp truncation to day boundaries. The daily aggregated G-token fees are then joined with CoinGecko end-of-day price data for the G-token to convert fees to USD. This produces total daily fees in USD for the Gravity Alpha chain
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day), `fees` (total daily fees in USD after price conversion)

### Component D: Daily transaction counting
- **Purpose**: Count unique transactions per day for the denominator calculation
- **Logic**: Transaction records are grouped by day and distinct transaction hashes are counted to determine the total number of unique transactions per day. This counting excludes any duplicate or failed transactions by using distinct transaction hash counting
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (truncated to day), `transaction_count` (count of distinct transaction hashes per day)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Daily fee totals (in USD) are joined with daily transaction counts using the timestamp as the join key
- **Currency conversion**: G-token fees are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko, applied at the daily aggregation level
- **Time aggregation**: All calculations use day-level boundaries with timestamp truncation to ensure consistent daily grouping
- **Final calculation**: Average transaction fee per day = total daily fees (USD) ÷ daily transaction count, using safe division to handle edge cases where transaction count might be zero

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Gravity Alpha MainnetG

Average transaction fee

Average transaction fee

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown