Gravity Alpha batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Gravity Alpha is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Gravity Alpha was founded by Galxe and launched in 2024.

G tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Galxe's investors include Arbitrum Foundation, Multicoin Capital, Dragonfly Capital, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Gravity Alpha Mainnet

# Gravity Alpha Mainnet Average revenue per user (ARPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Revenue Per User (ARPU) measures the daily revenue generated per active user on the Gravity Alpha blockchain. This metric is calculated by dividing daily revenue (derived from transaction gas fees converted to USD) by the daily count of unique active users (transaction senders). ARPU helps assess the monetary value generated per user and the economic efficiency of the blockchain network.

## 2. Data sources

**Blockchain transaction data**: Complete Gravity Alpha blockchain transaction records containing gas usage metrics, gas prices, sender and recipient addresses, transaction hashes, and block timestamps.

**Token price data**: End-of-day G-token price feeds from CoinGecko (coingecko_id: 'g-token') providing USD conversion rates for gas fee calculations.

**Token metadata**: Static configuration data including the Gravity Alpha native token address (`0xbb859e225ac8fb6be1c7e38d87b767e95fef0ebd`), symbol ('G'), and blockchain classification information.

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily revenue calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate total daily revenue in USD from transaction gas fees
- **Logic**: Start with all Gravity Alpha transactions and extract gas usage data including `gas_used_amount` and `receipt_effective_gas_price` fields. Calculate the gas fee in native tokens using the formula: gas fee = (`gas_used_amount` × `gas_price`) ÷ 1e18, where 1e18 converts from wei units to token units. Aggregate these gas fees daily using day-truncated timestamps. Join the aggregated daily gas fees with end-of-day G-token prices from CoinGecko to convert from native tokens to USD. The final daily revenue equals the sum of all gas fees in G-tokens multiplied by the G-token USD price for that day.
- **Key fields**: `gas_used_amount` (gas consumed per transaction), `receipt_effective_gas_price` (price per gas unit), `block_timestamp` (for daily aggregation), `price_usd` (G-token price from CoinGecko)

### Component B: Daily active users calculation  
- **Purpose**: Count unique active users per day based on transaction activity
- **Logic**: Extract all Gravity Alpha transactions and identify unique users by their `from_address` (transaction sender). Group transactions by day using truncated timestamps and count distinct sender addresses. Use HyperLogLog (HLL) data structure for efficient distinct counting across multiple dimensional breakdowns including chain level, user type ('Transaction sender'), and product level. Aggregate the HLL sketches to produce final daily active user counts.
- **Key fields**: `from_address` (transaction sender address), `block_timestamp` (for daily grouping), `user_type` (categorized as 'Transaction sender')

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The ARPU calculation joins daily revenue and daily active user metrics on the timestamp field to ensure matching time periods
- **Currency conversion**: Gas fees are converted to USD using end-of-day G-token prices from CoinGecko, with the conversion applied after daily fee aggregation
- **Time aggregation**: All data is aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to the day level, ensuring consistent time alignment between revenue and user metrics
- **Final calculation**: ARPU equals daily revenue in USD divided by daily active users count (ARPU = Daily_Revenue_USD ÷ Daily_Active_Users). Missing days are filled with zeros to maintain complete time series continuity. The calculation produces ARPU values at multiple dimensional levels including overall project level, by chain, by user type, and by product.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Gravity Alpha MainnetG

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

Average revenue per user (ARPU)

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