Gravity Alpha batches users' transactions and submits them to Ethereum, paying a share of the transaction fees to Ethereum validators (expense).

Gravity Alpha is an L2 smart contract platform for decentralized applications on Ethereum. Gravity Alpha was founded by Galxe and launched in 2024.

G tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Galxe's investors include Arbitrum Foundation, Multicoin Capital, Dragonfly Capital, etc.

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Gravity Alpha Mainnet

# Gravity Alpha Mainnet Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Fees Per User (AFPU) measures the average amount in USD that each daily active user pays in transaction fees on the GravityAlpha blockchain. This metric provides insights into user engagement intensity and the economic activity per user. The calculation divides total daily fees collected from transactions by the number of unique daily active users, where users are identified as transaction senders.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on the following data sources:
- **GravityAlpha blockchain transaction data**: Complete transaction records including sender addresses, recipient addresses, gas usage amounts, and gas pricing information from the GravityAlpha blockchain
- **Gas consumption metrics**: Transaction-level gas usage and effective gas price data from GravityAlpha network execution
- **End-of-day price feeds**: Daily USD price data for the G-token obtained from CoinGecko's private API using the identifier 'g-token'
- **Token metadata**: Reference data for the WG token contract address (0xbb859e225ac8fb6be1c7e38d87b767e95fef0ebd) and symbol information

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the USD value of fees paid for each transaction on GravityAlpha
- **Logic**: Extract all transactions from GravityAlpha blockchain data, focusing on gas consumption and pricing. For each transaction, calculate the native token fee amount using the formula: gas used amount multiplied by effective gas price, divided by 1e18 to adjust for token decimals. Aggregate these fees by day to get total daily fees in native G-tokens. Convert the aggregated daily fees to USD using end-of-day G-token price data from CoinGecko, matching fees to prices by timestamp
- **Key fields**: `gas_used_amount` (gas consumed), `receipt_effective_gas_price` (gas price), `block_timestamp` (transaction timing), calculated `gas_fee_amount` field

### Component B: Daily active user counting  
- **Purpose**: Count the number of unique users who performed transactions each day
- **Logic**: Identify all unique transaction sender addresses from GravityAlpha transaction data on a daily basis. Users are classified as 'Transaction sender' type since they initiate blockchain transactions. Use HyperLogLog probabilistic counting to efficiently aggregate distinct user addresses across different dimensions including project level, chain level, user type, and product level. This approach handles large-scale user counting while maintaining accuracy
- **Key fields**: `from_address` (transaction sender), `block_timestamp` (for daily grouping), `user_dau` (distinct user count using HLL)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The `calculate_arpu` macro combines the daily fees (from Component A) with daily active users (from Component B) by matching on timestamp and other dimensional attributes. Both components are structured with consistent timestamp, chain, and product dimensions to enable proper joining
- **Currency conversion**: Fees are converted to USD using end-of-day G-token prices, ensuring consistent valuation timing across the calculation
- **Time aggregation**: Both fees and user counts are aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation to day level, providing daily snapshots of activity  
- **Final calculation**: Average Fees Per User is calculated by dividing the total daily fees in USD by the count of daily active users. Days with zero users or zero fees result in zero AFPU values, and missing dates are filled with zeros to maintain complete time series continuity using the 'fill_zeros' strategy

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Gravity Alpha MainnetG

Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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