Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Gnosis Chain is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Gnosis was founded by Martin Köppelmann and Stefan George and launched in 2015.

GNO holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). 

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Gnosis

# Gnosis Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average fees per user (AFPU) measures the average amount of fees paid by each daily active user on the Gnosis blockchain. This metric is calculated by dividing the total daily fees collected by the network by the number of unique daily active users. It helps understand the economic activity per user and the cost burden on individual network participants.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation uses several key data sources:
- **Gnosis transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the Gnosis blockchain including sender addresses, gas usage, gas prices, and blob gas information
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: Daily price data for WXDAI (wrapped DAI), which serves as the native gas token on Gnosis chain
- **Token metadata**: Information about WXDAI token addressing and decimal precision for proper fee calculations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily active users calculation
- **Purpose**: Identify and count unique users who performed transactions each day
- **Logic**: Extract all transactions from Gnosis blockchain data and identify the sender address (`from_address`) for each transaction. Group transactions by day using timestamp truncation and count distinct sender addresses per day. Users are classified as "Transaction sender" type and associated with the "blockchains_l1" market sector and "blockchain" business segment.
- **Key fields**: Uses `block_timestamp` for daily grouping, `from_address` as the unique user identifier, and applies HyperLogLog aggregation to efficiently count distinct users across multiple dimensions including chain, user type, and product breakdowns.

### Component B: Daily fees calculation  
- **Purpose**: Calculate the total fees paid on the Gnosis network each day
- **Logic**: Process all Gnosis transactions to calculate fees paid through two components: regular gas fees (calculated as `gas_used` multiplied by `effective_gas_price`) and blob gas fees (calculated as `blob_gas_used` multiplied by `blob_gas_price`). Sum these fee amounts by day using timestamp truncation. The calculation handles both fee types separately then combines them using union operations.
- **Key fields**: Uses `gas_used`, `effective_gas_price`, `blob_gas_used`, and `blob_gas_price` fields. Gas prices are corrected for decimal precision by dividing by 10^18 to convert from wei to WXDAI units.

### Component C: USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Convert WXDAI-denominated fees to USD values for standardized reporting
- **Logic**: Apply USD conversion to the calculated fee amounts using end-of-day price feeds for WXDAI. The conversion process looks up the appropriate daily price for WXDAI and multiplies the native fee amounts to get USD equivalents. No additional decimal correction is applied since the gas price decimals were already corrected in the previous step.
- **Key fields**: Uses the `fee_amount` calculated from gas computations and applies price data for the WXDAI token address `0xe91d153e0b41518a2ce8dd3d7944fa863463a97d`.

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The ARPU calculation macro divides the total daily fees (in USD) by the daily active user count for each day. This creates a ratio representing the average fees paid per user.
- **Currency conversion**: All fees are converted to USD using end-of-day WXDAI prices before the division calculation
- **Time aggregation**: Both fees and user counts are aggregated at the daily level using timestamp truncation to ensure consistent time boundaries
- **Final calculation**: The final AFPU value equals total daily fees in USD divided by the count of unique daily active users, with proper handling of missing days through zero-filling and application of chain availability filters

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

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Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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