Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Darwinia Network is a decentralized blockchain for cross-chain interoperability and decentralized finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

RING holders own and govern the protocol. Darwinia Network’s investors include HashKey, Waterdrip Capital, SevenX Ventures, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Darwinia Network

# Darwinia Network Revenue Methodology

## 1. Overview

Revenue represents the total fees collected by the Darwinia protocol across both its Layer 1 substrate chain and Layer 2 EVM-compatible execution environment. This metric measures the protocol's fee income from transaction processing, combining base transaction fees and tips from the substrate layer with execution fees from the EVM layer. The calculation aggregates daily fee collection and converts values to USD using end-of-day price feeds.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on several types of raw blockchain data:
- **Darwinia blockchain events**: Parsed events from Darwinia's substrate-based blockchain, specifically `TransactionFeePaid` events that capture fee amounts and tips for successful transactions
- **EVM execution events**: `Executed` events from Darwinia's EVM pallet that identify EVM transaction signers and execution details
- **Balance modification events**: `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from the balances pallet that occur during EVM transaction processing and represent fee payments
- **Account creation events**: `NewAccount` system events used to establish mappings between substrate addresses and EVM addresses
- **External price data**: End-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko for the Darwinia network native token to enable USD conversion
- **Incremental update metadata**: Table modification timestamps for efficient incremental processing

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Layer 1 substrate fees
- **Purpose**: Captures transaction fees and tips paid on Darwinia's substrate layer
- **Logic**: Extracts `TransactionFeePaid` events from successful transactions, parsing the fee amount and tip from the event data array. The base fee amount comes from the second element of the event data, while the tip amount comes from the third element. Both values are converted from the native token's decimal representation (18 decimals) to token units by dividing by 1e18
- **Key fields**: `amount` (base transaction fee), `tip` (additional fee paid by user), `block_timestamp` (transaction timing), `extrinsic_hash` (transaction identifier)

### Component B: Layer 2 EVM fees  
- **Purpose**: Calculates net fees paid for EVM transaction execution on Darwinia's Layer 2
- **Logic**: First identifies EVM transactions through `Executed` events to determine transaction signers. Then captures corresponding `Withdraw` events (representing fee payments) and `Deposit` events (representing fee refunds) from the balances pallet during EVM execution. Uses the account mapping dimension to convert between substrate and EVM address formats. Filters events to ensure the withdraw/deposit signer matches the original EVM transaction signer, preventing inclusion of unrelated balance changes. Nets positive withdrawals against negative deposits per transaction to calculate the actual fee paid
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee` (net fee amount after deposits/withdrawals), `signer_address` (transaction initiator), `extrinsic_id` (transaction identifier), `timestamp` (execution timing)

### Component C: Account address mapping
- **Purpose**: Establishes relationships between substrate SS58 addresses and EVM hex addresses
- **Logic**: Processes `NewAccount` system events to extract substrate account addresses, then converts them to EVM-compatible addresses using a two-step process. First decodes SS58 addresses to extract the underlying public key, then derives the corresponding EVM address using keccak256 hashing with the "evm:" prefix pattern. The EVM address is computed as the last 20 bytes of the keccak256 hash of "evm:" concatenated with the substrate hex address
- **Key fields**: `parachain_account` (original substrate address), `evm_account` (derived EVM address)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Layer 1 fees (amount + tip) are summed per day, while Layer 2 net transaction fees are also summed per day. Both fee streams are tagged with the 'darwiniachain' product identifier and combined into a single daily revenue figure
- **Currency conversion**: USD conversion is applied using CoinGecko price feeds for the 'darwinia-network-native-token', with prices matched to the transaction date
- **Time aggregation**: All fees are aggregated using daily time boundaries, with timestamps truncated to day granularity
- **Final calculation**: The total daily revenue equals the sum of all Layer 1 fees (base fees plus tips) plus all net Layer 2 EVM execution fees, converted to USD using end-of-day exchange rates and processed through the standard revenue finalization macro with forward-fill methodology

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

fees * take_rate (illustrative — revenue is observed directly per project, not derived from take_rate)

Fee revenue retained after supply-side payouts. Before cost of revenue (e.g. L2 DA fees) and before operating expenses.

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