Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Darwinia Network is a decentralized blockchain for cross-chain interoperability and decentralized finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

RING holders own and govern the protocol. Darwinia Network’s investors include HashKey, Waterdrip Capital, SevenX Ventures, etc.

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Darwinia Network

# Darwinia Network Fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Darwinia fees metric measures the total transaction fees collected by the Darwinia network, expressed in USD. This metric captures fees from both the substrate layer (L1) and the Ethereum Virtual Machine layer (L2) of the Darwinia blockchain. The calculation combines substrate transaction fees with EVM execution fees to provide a comprehensive view of network fee generation across both execution environments.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on several types of raw blockchain data:
- **Darwinia blockchain events**: Parsed events from the Darwinia substrate chain, including system events and transaction execution records
- **Transaction fee events**: Substrate `TransactionFeePaid` events containing base fees and tip amounts
- **EVM execution events**: Events tracking EVM transaction execution on the Darwinia network  
- **Balance events**: `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from the balances pallet that track fee payments for EVM transactions
- **Account creation events**: `NewAccount` system events used to map between substrate and EVM address formats
- **External price feeds**: End-of-day price feeds for the Darwinia network native token (RING) from CoinGecko API

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Layer 1 substrate fees
- **Purpose**: Captures transaction fees paid on the Darwinia substrate layer
- **Logic**: Extracts `TransactionFeePaid` events from successful transactions. For each event, sums the base transaction fee (`amount` field) and optional tip (`tip` field) from the event data. Converts amounts from wei units to token units by dividing by 1e18. Groups by day and sums all fees
- **Key fields**: `amount` (base transaction fee), `tip` (optional additional payment), `block_timestamp` for daily grouping

### Component B: Layer 2 EVM fees  
- **Purpose**: Captures transaction fees from EVM execution on Darwinia
- **Logic**: Identifies EVM transactions through `Executed` events in the EVM pallet, then finds corresponding balance `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events that occur during EVM execution. Uses substrate-to-EVM address mapping to ensure fees are attributed to the correct transaction signer. Calculates net fees per transaction by treating withdrawals as positive fees and deposits as negative (refunds). Sums the net transaction fee for each EVM extrinsic
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee` (withdrawal/deposit amounts), `signer_address` (account responsible for fees), `extrinsic_id` for grouping related events

### Component C: Address mapping
- **Purpose**: Maps between substrate and EVM address formats for proper fee attribution
- **Logic**: Extracts parachain account addresses from `NewAccount` system events. Converts substrate SS58-encoded addresses to hexadecimal format using base58 decoding. Derives corresponding EVM addresses by computing the keccak256 hash of the concatenation of "evm:" and the substrate account, then taking the last 20 bytes as the EVM address
- **Key fields**: `parachain_account` (substrate address), `evm_account` (derived EVM address)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Sums Layer 1 substrate fees and Layer 2 EVM fees at the daily level, both attributed to the 'darwinia' chain and 'darwiniachain' product
- **Currency conversion**: Converts native RING token amounts to USD using end-of-day price feeds from CoinGecko for the 'darwinia-network-native-token' identifier
- **Time aggregation**: Groups all fees by day using timestamp truncation to daily boundaries
- **Final calculation**: The final metric value represents the total USD value of all transaction fees collected across both substrate and EVM layers of the Darwinia network for each day, with forward-filling applied for missing days and chain availability filtering

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total value users pay to use a protocol (gross fees, user-paid fees).

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