Collators aggregate parachain transactions block candidates and producing state transition proofs for validators based on those blocks.

Darwinia Network is a decentralized blockchain for cross-chain interoperability and decentralized finance infrastructure powered by Polkadot Relay chain.

RING holders own and govern the protocol. Darwinia Network’s investors include HashKey, Waterdrip Capital, SevenX Ventures, etc.

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Blockchains (L2)

Darwinia Network

# Darwinia Network Block time Methodology

## 1. Overview

The Darwinia block time metric measures the average time interval between consecutive blocks on the Darwinia blockchain, aggregated daily. This metric provides insight into the blockchain's performance and network health by tracking how consistently blocks are produced over time. The calculation uses a window function approach to compute time differences between consecutive blocks, then averages these intervals by day.

## 2. Data sources

- **Darwinia block data**: Raw block header data from the Darwinia blockchain network containing `timestamp` and `number` fields for each block produced on the chain

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block timestamp extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract clean block timestamp and number data from raw Darwinia blockchain data
- **Logic**: Raw block data is cast to proper data types with `timestamp` converted to timestamp format and `number` converted to integer format. The genesis block (block 0) is excluded since it has an artificial timestamp at the start of Unix time that would skew calculations. For incremental processing, only recent blocks are selected based on the maximum partition date minus a configurable lookback period
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (when the block was produced), `block_number` (sequential block identifier)

### Component B: Previous block timestamp lookup
- **Purpose**: Prepare data for calculating time intervals between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: A window function with LAG is used to retrieve the timestamp of the previous block for each row, ordered by block number in ascending order. This creates pairs of consecutive block timestamps needed for interval calculation
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (current block time), `previous_timestamp` (previous block time), `block_number` (for ordering)

### Component C: Block interval calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the actual time interval between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: The time difference between each block and its predecessor is calculated in milliseconds using timestamp difference functions. Rows without a previous timestamp (the first block in the dataset) are filtered out. Block timestamps are truncated to daily boundaries for subsequent aggregation
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` (daily boundary), `block_time` (milliseconds between blocks)

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: Daily block intervals are grouped by truncated timestamp and averaged to produce a single daily block time metric
- **Currency conversion**: Not applicable for this time-based metric
- **Time aggregation**: Block times are aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with all block intervals within each day averaged together
- **Final calculation**: The average block time in milliseconds for each day, along with standard metadata fields including `chain_id` set to 'darwinia', `market_sector_id` set to 'blockchains_l2', and `business_segment_id` set to 'blockchain'. The finalize metric macro applies additional standardization and the chain availability filter ensures data quality.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(block_timestamp - previous_block_timestamp)

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Block time

Block time

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