Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Cronos is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Cronos was founded by Crypto.com and launched in 2021.

CRO holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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# Cronos Average fees per user (AFPU) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Fees Per User (AFPU) for Cronos measures the average amount of fees generated per daily active user on the Cronos blockchain. This metric answers the business question: "How much revenue does each active user generate on average through transaction fees?" The calculation follows a simple division formula: AFPU = Total Daily Fees / Daily Active Users. This provides insight into user monetization efficiency and network fee generation patterns.

## 2. Data sources

The AFPU calculation relies on these raw data sources:
- **Cronos blockchain fee data**: Daily aggregated transaction fee amounts collected on the Cronos network, denominated in CRO tokens
- **Cronos transaction data**: Daily counts of unique addresses that submitted transactions to the Cronos network 
- **End-of-day price feeds**: CRO token price data for USD conversion
- **Chain availability metadata**: Data quality flags indicating when Cronos blockchain data is complete and reliable

All blockchain data is collected through external scrapers that monitor the Cronos network and aggregate daily statistics from transaction activity.

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Daily fees collection
- **Purpose**: Aggregates total daily fees collected on the Cronos blockchain
- **Logic**: Extract daily fee amounts from Cronos blockchain scraper data. The scraper collects transaction fee totals denominated in CRO tokens and provides daily aggregates with timestamp granularity set to day level. Handle data quality by deduplicating records - when multiple records exist for the same day, select the most recently inserted record using row numbering partitioned by timestamp and ordered by insertion time descending. Cast fee amounts to high-precision numeric format to maintain accuracy in calculations.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` for daily boundaries, `amount` for fee totals in CRO tokens, `inserted_at` for data freshness, `chain` set to cronos, `token_symbol` set to CRO

### Component B: Daily active users calculation  
- **Purpose**: Counts unique daily active users on the Cronos network
- **Logic**: Extract daily active user counts from Cronos blockchain scraper data, where active users are defined as unique addresses that submitted at least one transaction. Apply the same deduplication logic as fees, selecting the latest inserted record for each day. Create multiple dimensional breakdowns of the user data including project-level aggregation, chain-level breakdown with cronos as chain identifier, and user-type breakdown with Transaction sender as the user classification. This enables flexible reporting across different analytical dimensions.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` for daily boundaries, `amount` as count of unique transaction senders, `user_type` set to Transaction sender, `chain` set to cronos

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily fees totals and daily active user counts are joined by timestamp using the calculate_arpu macro, which performs the division calculation to compute average fees per user for each day
- **Currency conversion**: CRO token amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds through the finalization macros
- **Time aggregation**: Data maintains daily granularity with timestamp boundaries set to day level, ensuring consistent time series alignment between fees and user metrics
- **Final calculation**: AFPU equals total daily fees in USD divided by the count of daily active users (transaction senders). Missing days are filled with zero values to maintain continuous time series data. Chain availability filters ensure only periods with complete Cronos data coverage are included in the final results.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

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Average fees per user (AFPU)

Average fees per user (AFPU)

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