Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Celo is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Celo was founded by Rene Reinsberg and Marek Olszewski and launched in 2020.

CELO holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue). Celo's investors include a16z, Greenfield, Electric Capital, etc.

governance

github

twitter

discord

etherscan

website

Blockchains (L2)

Celo

# Celo Active users (daily) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Daily Active Users (DAU) for Celo L1 (legacy) measures the number of unique addresses that initiated at least one transaction on the Celo L1 (legacy) blockchain within a 24-hour period. This metric provides insight into user engagement and adoption on the Celo L1 (legacy) network, with separate tracking for L1 and L2 operations based on a temporal segmentation implemented in March 2025.

## 2. Data sources

The calculation relies on:
- **Celo L1 (legacy) blockchain transaction records**: Complete transaction history including all transactions submitted to the Celo L1 (legacy) network
- **Transaction metadata**: Block timestamps, transaction hashes, and sender addresses (`from_address`) for each transaction
- **Temporal segmentation**: A hardcoded date boundary (March 26, 2025) used to classify transactions as L1 or L2 operations

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction data preparation
- **Purpose**: Extract and standardize transaction sender information from Celo L1 (legacy) blockchain data
- **Logic**: The system retrieves all Celo L1 (legacy) transactions and extracts the `from_address` field representing the transaction initiator. Each transaction record includes the `block_timestamp`, `transaction_hash`, and sender address. A critical temporal segmentation is applied where transactions occurring before March 26, 2025 are classified under the 'blockchains_l1' market sector with product ID 'Celo L1 (legacy)', while transactions on or after this date are classified under 'blockchains_l2' market sector with product ID 'Celo L1 (legacy) L2'. All transaction senders are uniformly categorized with user type 'Transaction sender'.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `from_address` as the user identifier, `transaction_hash` for uniqueness, and derived classification fields including `market_sector_id` and `product_id`

### Final aggregation
- **Time boundaries**: Transaction timestamps are truncated to day granularity using day-level precision, creating daily time buckets
- **User counting**: Within each day, the system counts distinct values of `user_address` (derived from transaction sender addresses) to determine unique active users
- **Segmentation preservation**: The daily counts maintain the L1/L2 classification structure, allowing separate tracking of user activity across different network configurations
- **Incremental processing**: For efficiency, the model processes only recent data during updates, using a lookback period to ensure complete coverage while avoiding full table scans
- **Final calculation**: The result is a daily time series showing the count of unique addresses that initiated transactions on Celo L1 (legacy), segmented by market sector (L1 vs L2) and maintaining consistent metadata classification

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique revenue-generating users over a fixed 24-hour window.

CeloCELO

Active users (daily)

Active users (daily)

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown