Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Cardano is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). Cardano was founded by Charles Hoskinson & Jeremy Wood and launched in 2017.

ADA holders own and govern the protocol. They currently do not take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Cardano

# Cardano Active addresses (monthly) Methodology

## 1. Overview

Active addresses (monthly) measures the number of unique addresses that make a transaction with Cardano. Network engagement and the scale of the active participant base are reflected by this metric. Each unique address is counted only once per 30-day window, regardless of the number of individual transactions initiated by that address within the 30-day rolling window.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: Transaction input records from the Cardano blockchain

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Sender address extraction

- **Purpose**: To identify the originating addresses responsible for network activity.
- **Logic**: Transaction inputs are parsed from the Cardano blockchain. For every transaction, the addresses associated with the consumed Unspent Transaction Outputs (UTXOs) are extracted. These addresses are identified as the transaction signers. This data is captured from transaction metadata where the specific address providing the input is explicitly defined.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` and `user_address`.

### Monthly aggregation and de-duplication

- **Purpose**: To calculate the total count of unique active participants per 30-day window.
- **Logic**: The extracted sender addresses are aggregated into monthly intervals using UTC timestamps. Duplicate entries for the same address within a single 30-day rolling window are removed to ensure each user is only represented once. Null addresses or malformed entries are excluded from the calculation. The final count of unique active users (monthly) is then generated for the network.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique addresses active over a rolling 30-day window.

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Active addresses (monthly)

Active addresses (monthly)

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