Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

BNB Chain is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). BNB Chain was founded by Changpeng Zhao and launched in 2020.

BNB holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Blockchains (L1)

BNB Chain

# BNB Chain Cost of revenue Methodology

## 1. Overview

The BSC cost of revenue metric measures the L1 settlement costs incurred by the opBNB L2 solution on the BSC blockchain. This metric tracks the gas fees paid by the opBNB sequencer when posting transaction batches and state updates to the BSC mainnet. It represents the direct operational cost that BSC incurs to provide L2 scaling services through opBNB, calculated by identifying sequencer transactions and aggregating their gas costs in USD.

## 2. Data sources

- **BSC transaction records**: Complete transaction data from the BSC blockchain, including transaction receipts with gas usage and pricing information
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: BNB/USD price data used for converting gas costs from BNB to USD
- **Token metadata**: Information about the wrapped BNB token (`0xbb4cdb9cbd36b01bd1cbaebf2de08d9173bc095c`) used as the settlement token

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Settlement fee extraction
- **Purpose**: Identifies and processes L1 settlement transactions made by the opBNB sequencer
- **Logic**: The calculation filters BSC transaction records to find transactions where the `to_address` field equals the hardcoded opBNB sequencer address `0xff00000000000000000000000000000000000204`. For each sequencer transaction, the system extracts key gas-related fields including `receipt_effective_gas_price`, `receipt_gas_used`, `receipt_blob_gas_price`, and `receipt_blob_gas_used`. The total settlement amount is calculated as the sum of regular gas costs (`gas_used_amount` × `gas_price`) plus blob gas costs (`blob_gas_used_amount` × `blob_gas_price`, with null values defaulting to zero). This total is then converted from wei to BNB by dividing by 10^18.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for timing, `transaction_hash` for identification, `token_address` set to wrapped BNB, `settlement_amount` containing the calculated BNB cost

### Component B: Daily aggregation
- **Purpose**: Aggregates individual settlement transactions into daily cost totals
- **Logic**: Settlement transactions are grouped by day using timestamp truncation to the day boundary. All settlement amounts for each day are summed to produce a single daily cost of revenue value in BNB. The aggregation also adds standardized metadata fields including `chain_id` set to 'bsc', `market_sector_id` set to 'blockchains_l2', `business_segment_id` set to 'blockchain', and `product_id` set to 'opbnb'.
- **Key fields**: `timestamp` truncated to day, `cost_of_revenue` containing the summed BNB amounts, standardized classification fields

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: The daily BNB-denominated settlement costs flow directly from the aggregation component to the final calculation
- **Currency conversion**: BNB amounts are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds through the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` macro, which handles both currency conversion and decimal precision
- **Time aggregation**: Data is aggregated to daily boundaries using day-truncated timestamps, ensuring consistent daily reporting periods
- **Final calculation**: The final metric value represents the total USD cost incurred by BSC for operating the opBNB L2 solution on each day, calculated as the sum of all sequencer settlement transaction costs converted to USD using end-of-day exchange rates and standardized through the finalization macro with zero-filling for any missing days

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Expenses paid to third parties to deliver core service output.

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Cost of revenue

Cost of revenue

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown