Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

BNB Chain is a smart contract platform for decentralized applications (a blockchain). BNB Chain was founded by Changpeng Zhao and launched in 2020.

BNB holders own and govern the protocol. They currently take a cut of the total transaction fees paid by users (revenue).

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Blockchains (L1)

BNB Chain

# BNB Chain Block time Methodology

## 1. Overview

This metric calculates the average time between consecutive blocks on the BSC (Binance Smart Chain) blockchain, measured in milliseconds and aggregated daily. Block time is a fundamental blockchain infrastructure metric that indicates the network's block production efficiency and consistency. The calculation measures the time intervals between consecutive blocks and averages these intervals for each day to provide a daily average block time metric.

## 2. Data sources

The metric relies on the following raw data sources:

- **BSC blockchain block data**: Raw block headers from BSC network nodes containing block timestamps and sequential block numbers
- **BSC node infrastructure data**: Block metadata including precise timestamps when blocks were mined and their sequential ordering
- **Blockchain indexing data**: Processed BSC block information with timestamp and block number fields extracted from the BSC network

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block data extraction
- **Purpose**: Extract valid block timestamps and numbers for block time calculation
- **Logic**: Retrieve all BSC blocks with their timestamps and block numbers, excluding the genesis block (block 0) which has an artificial timestamp at Unix epoch start and doesn't represent actual block production timing
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` containing the precise time when each block was mined, `block_number` providing sequential ordering of blocks

### Component B: Consecutive block pairing
- **Purpose**: Create pairs of consecutive blocks to calculate time intervals
- **Logic**: Use lag window function to associate each block with the timestamp of the immediately preceding block, ordered by block number sequence. This creates pairs where each row contains both the current block timestamp and the previous block timestamp
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for current block, `previous_timestamp` from the preceding block in sequence, `block_number` for ordering

### Component C: Block time interval calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the time difference between consecutive blocks
- **Logic**: Compute the millisecond difference between each block timestamp and its previous block timestamp using timestamp difference functions. Filter out any rows where no previous timestamp exists (typically the first block in the dataset)
- **Key fields**: `block_time` measured in milliseconds representing the interval between consecutive blocks, `timestamp` truncated to day granularity for aggregation

### Final aggregation
- **Combining components**: All block time intervals within each day are collected and averaged to produce a single daily average block time value
- **Currency conversion**: Not applicable for this infrastructure metric
- **Time aggregation**: Block intervals are grouped by day using timestamp truncation, with all blocks mined within each 24-hour period contributing to that day's average
- **Final calculation**: The daily average block time is calculated by taking the arithmetic mean of all block time intervals within each day, expressed in milliseconds. The result includes standard Token Terminal metric metadata identifying BSC as the chain, blockchains layer 1 as the market sector, and blockchain as the business segment.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(block_timestamp - previous_block_timestamp)

BNB ChainBNB

Block time

Block time

Competitive landscape

Chain breakdown