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Blockchains (L1)

Berachain

# Berachain Fees Methodology

## 1. Overview

This metric measures the total transaction fees paid daily on the Berachain blockchain network. Fees represent the cost users pay for executing transactions and smart contract interactions, calculated by multiplying the amount of gas consumed by the gas price paid per unit. The metric captures all transaction fees in BERA tokens (the native gas token) and converts them to USD for standardized reporting. This provides insight into network usage, user activity, and the economic value flowing through the Berachain ecosystem.

## 2. Data sources

- **Berachain block data**: Contains block metadata including timestamps, block numbers, and base fee per gas for each block
- **Berachain transaction data**: Individual transaction records with gas consumption (`gas_used`), gas prices (`gas_price`, `max_priority_fee_per_gas`), sender/recipient addresses, and transaction hashes
- **End-of-day token price feeds**: USD price data for BERA tokens used to convert native token fees to USD values
- **Token metadata**: BERA token information including the hardcoded contract address `0x6969696969696969696969696969696969696969` and symbol `BERA`

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Block data preparation
- **Purpose**: Extract and structure Berachain block information needed for fee calculations
- **Logic**: Select block data including timestamps, block numbers, and base fee per gas amounts. Convert all fields to appropriate data types (`timestamp`, `integer`, `bignumeric`) to ensure proper calculations downstream
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` for time boundaries, `block_number` for joining with transactions, `base_fee_per_gas` for EIP-1559 fee components

### Component B: Transaction data preparation  
- **Purpose**: Extract transaction-level gas consumption and pricing data
- **Logic**: Select transaction records including gas usage, gas prices, priority fees, sender/recipient addresses, and transaction hashes. Join with block data to combine transaction details with corresponding base fee information. Apply hardcoded BERA token metadata (address `0x6969696969696969696969696969696969696969`, symbol `BERA`, chain `berachain`) since BERA is the native gas token
- **Key fields**: `gas_used` (gas consumed), `gas_price` (total price paid per gas unit), `max_priority_fee_per_gas` (priority fee component), `from_address` and `to_address` (transaction participants)

### Component C: Individual transaction fee calculation
- **Purpose**: Calculate the actual fee amount paid for each transaction
- **Logic**: For each transaction, multiply `gas_used` by `gas_price` to get the total fee in Wei, then divide by 1e18 to convert from Wei to BERA tokens. Also calculate separate fee components: priority fees (`priority_fee_per_gas` × `gas_used` ÷ 1e18) and base fees (`base_fee_per_gas` × `gas_used` ÷ 1e18). Truncate timestamps to daily boundaries using `timestamp_trunc` to enable daily aggregation
- **Key fields**: `fee_amount` (total transaction fee in BERA), `priority_fee_amount` and `base_fee_amount` (EIP-1559 fee components), `timestamp` (truncated to day)

### Component D: Daily aggregation and USD conversion
- **Purpose**: Aggregate individual transaction fees to daily totals and convert to USD
- **Logic**: Sum all transaction fees by day, grouping by the truncated timestamp. Convert the BERA-denominated fee amounts to USD using end-of-day token price feeds and decimal correction. The conversion uses the `convert_to_usd_and_correct_decimals` function with USD conversion enabled and decimal correction disabled (since fees are already in proper BERA units)
- **Key fields**: Daily aggregated `fees` amount converted to USD

### Final aggregation  
- **Combining components**: Transaction-level fees are summed by day to produce daily fee totals for the Berachain network
- **Currency conversion**: BERA token fees are converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds to enable cross-chain comparisons and standardized reporting
- **Time aggregation**: All fees are aggregated to daily boundaries using timestamp truncation, with timestamps representing the start of each day
- **Final calculation**: The metric represents the total USD value of all transaction fees paid on Berachain each day, including both base fees and priority fees paid to validators. Schema validation ensures proper data structure, and zero-filling handles any days with no transaction activity to maintain continuous time series data

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total value users pay to use a protocol (gross fees, user-paid fees).

BerachainBERA

Fees

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