bNIU, issued by Backed Assets (JE) Limited, is a tokenized tracker certificate that gives onchain exposure to the market value of Niu Technologies, a U.S.-listed instrument [S1][S2].

The token tracks the price of Niu Technologies (NIU) and is fully collateralized 1:1 by the underlying asset, which Backed purchases via a broker and holds with a licensed third-party custodian [S3][S1][S4]. If the underlying issues a dividend or distribution and eligibility requirements are met, the corresponding economic value accrues to the tokenholder; holding a token conveys economic exposure rather than shareholder or voting rights [S3][S1]. No management, minting, or redemption fee schedule is disclosed [S1].

The certificates are issued by Backed Assets (JE) Limited, incorporated in Jersey, while the tokenization platform is operated by Backed Finance AG of Zug, Switzerland, with Swiss law applying [S3][S1][S4]. They are bankruptcy-remote tracker certificates issued under a Base Prospectus approved in Liechtenstein by the Financial Market Authority [S1][S2]. They are offered only to Qualified Investors, not to U.S. persons or UK clients, subject to KYC and AML onboarding [S1][S5]. Eligible holders may redeem tokens for the cash value of the underlying, and assets are held segregated with regulated custodians [S3][S4].

The tokens are issued natively on Avalanche, Base, Arbitrum, Ethereum, Gnosis, Polygon and Sonic [S2]. When a user buys a token, Backed orders the underlying from its broker, holds it with the custodian, and issues the token, usually within minutes [S4][S6]. Proof of reserves is provided through Chainlink Proof of Reserve with independent auditor The Network Firm, and reserve data is published onchain [S6].

<Sources
  retrievedAt="2026-06-19"
  items={[
    { id: "S1", url: "https://assets.backed.fi/" },
    { id: "S2", url: "https://assets.backed.fi/legal-documentation" },
    { id: "S3", url: "https://backed.fi" },
    { id: "S4", url: "https://backed.fi/news-updates/introducing-backed-finance" },
    { id: "S5", url: "https://assets.backed.fi/products" },
    { id: "S6", url: "https://backed.fi/news-updates/chainlink-proof-of-reserve-is-now-active" },
  ]}
/>


# Asset mints methodology

## 1. Overview

Asset mints is a metric that represents the total value of new assets minted onchain. Daily mint volumes are tracked across supported blockchains to quantify the issuance of tokenized assets. Gross mint events are identified from native token transfer logs and transaction-level supply changes. To ensure accuracy for assets with pre-minted supplies, corrections are applied by subtracting non-circulating allocations. The final metric is normalized by decimal precision and converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds.

## 2. Data sources

- **EVM chain events**: ERC-20 `Transfer` events, covering EVM-compatible chains (Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Polygon, Optimism, and others)
- **Solana instructions**: SPL token `Mint` instructions
- **Non-EVM chain events and transactions**:
 - Algorand: Asset Configuration (`acfg`) transactions and token transfers
 - Cardano: UTXO-derived mint and burn events
 - Near: Token mint events
 - Polkadot Asset Hub: `Issued` events from `assets` pallets
 - Ripple: Transaction-level issuer net flows
 - Stacks: Token transfers with null senders
 - Sui: `TreasuryCap` object total supply changes
 - Stellar: SEP-41 `sep41_mint` events

- **Asset metadata**: Token addresses and decimal precision retrieved from token metadata
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds sourced from market data providers

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Gross mint extraction

- **Purpose**: Extract raw mint events across all supported blockchains
- **Logic**: On EVM-compatible chains, ERC-20 `Transfer` events are parsed where the sender address is the zero address. On Solana, SPL token `Mint` instructions are extracted. On Algorand, withdrawals from asset configuration addresses are identified as gross mints. On Cardano, positive supply deltas are derived from transaction UTXO inputs and outputs. On Near, token mint events are extracted. On Polkadot Asset Hub, `Issued` events from `assets` pallets are parsed. On Ripple, transaction-level net flows are calculated, and positive net flows from issuer accounts are classified as mints. On Stacks, token transfers with a null sender address are extracted. On Sui, total supply changes are decoded from `TreasuryCap` objects. On Stellar, SEP-41 `sep41_mint` events are parsed.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (raw token quantity), `token_address` (asset contract or token identifier), `timestamp` (block timestamp)

### Component B: Premint correction

- **Purpose**: Adjust gross mints to exclude pre-minted tokens that do not enter active circulation
- **Logic**: For supported assets, a correction is applied to distinguish between gross mints and circulating supply changes. Mints that are sent directly to designated non-circulating premint addresses are classified as premints. Conversely, transfers from these premint addresses to circulating addresses are classified as premint issuances. Corrected mints are calculated by subtracting premints from gross mints and adding premint issuances.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (corrected token quantity), `token_address` (asset contract), `account_address` (premint address)

### Component C: Decimal normalization

- **Purpose**: Normalize raw token quantities into standard units
- **Logic**: Raw token amounts are normalized by decimal precision. Decimal precision is retrieved from token metadata for each specific asset.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (normalized token quantity), `decimals` (decimal precision)

### Component D: Final aggregation and USD conversion

- **Purpose**: Aggregate daily normalized mints and convert the values to USD
- **Logic**: Normalized daily mint amounts are aggregated by asset and blockchain. Daily USD values are calculated by multiplying the daily normalized mint amount by the end-of-day price feed for the respective asset. If no mint events occur on a given day, the daily value is filled with zero values.
- **Key fields**: `amount_usd` (daily minted value in USD), `price_usd` (end-of-day asset price)

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Asset mints

Tokenized stocks

The platform operates through a comprehensive infrastructure that includes Chainlink oracles for verified price data, Chainlink Proof of Reserve for transparent collateral verification, and Chainlink CCIP for cross-chain bridging capabilities. Backed Finance provides both retail products through partnerships with major exchanges like Kraken and Bybit, and institutional tokenization services that allow funds and financial institutions to create custom tokenized investment products within weeks. The business model encompasses both direct token issuance and a turnkey tokenization platform for enterprise clients seeking to digitize their investment strategies and fund structures.

Backed Finance creates tokenized representations of real-world assets (RWAs) including stocks, ETFs, and bonds as ERC-20 tokens called bTokens and xStocks that are fully composable with DeFi protocols. Each token is backed 1:1 by the underlying asset held by licensed third-party custodians, allowing users to gain exposure to traditional financial markets within the decentralized finance ecosystem. The platform offers multichain support and enables users to bridge assets across different blockchains while maintaining full redeemability for the underlying asset's cash value.

Backed Finance is a Swiss-based fintech company that specializes in bringing traditional financial assets onto blockchain infrastructure through tokenization. The company operates under a compliant regulatory framework based on the Swiss DLT Act to provide institutional-grade tokenized securities.

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Real-world asset (RWA) issuers

Backed Finance

Backed Niu Technologies (bNIU) is a token tracking NIU shares, backed by dedicated collateral, issued by Backed Finance through Backed Assets (JE) Limited, and distributed through Backed Finance AG with Alpaca Securities LLC, InCore Bank AG, and Maerki Baumann & Co. AG as broker.

The underlying security is listed in the consumer discretionary sector.

Each token tracks one underlying share, carries no dividend entitlement, and carries no voting rights.

The collateral assets are held by Alpaca Securities LLC, InCore Bank AG, Maerki Baumann & Co. AG, and GTN Europe Financial Services Limited in accounts segregated from the issuer's own funds and Grant Thornton AG as auditor.

Retail investors and professional investors worldwide can mint and redeem directly with Backed Finance in CHF after completing KYC, and holders have a right to redeem at net asset value with two-to-five-business-day settlement.

Residents of jurisdictions under applicable sanctions, the United States, Afghanistan and other jurisdictions the issuer restricts cannot mint or redeem with Backed Finance.

Backed Assets (JE) Limited is incorporated in Jersey and is issued under Jersey Financial Services Commission consent.

bNIU has been issued on public blockchains since February 2023 and is native to Gnosis, Ethereum, Arbitrum One, BNB Chain, and Base.

Backed Niu TechnologiesbNIU