# Astar Substrate Transactions per second Methodology

## 1. Overview

Transactions per second measures the average number of confirmed user transactions added to the blockchain each second for Astar Substrate. This metric reflects the real-time throughput and network activity of the blockchain, accounting for both native Substrate extrinsics and Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) executions. It serves as a primary indicator of network scalability and user adoption.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `extrinsics` and `Executed` events from the `ethereum` pallet, covering Astar
- **External data**: Asset metadata for normalization

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Transaction activity extraction

- **Purpose**: Capture all transaction activity across the native Substrate and EVM execution environments
- **Logic**: Transactions are identified through two distinct paths. First, `extrinsics` are extracted from the native Substrate layer. Second, `Executed` events are parsed from the `ethereum` pallet to capture activity occurring within the EVM environment. These records are unified into a single dataset, ensuring that both native and EVM-compatible transactions are represented.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (timing), `extrinsic_id` (identifier), `event_method` (filtering)

### Component B: Daily volume aggregation

- **Purpose**: Determine the total number of unique transactions processed per day
- **Logic**: The unified transaction records are truncated to daily intervals based on the block timestamp. A distinct count of transaction identifiers is performed for each UTC day to calculate the total daily transaction volume.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp`, `extrinsic_id`

### Component C: Throughput normalization

- **Purpose**: Convert daily transaction totals into a per-second throughput value
- **Logic**: The total daily transaction count is divided by the number of seconds in a 24-hour period. This calculation results in an average throughput value that represents the Transactions per second for Astar Substrate. Daily granularity is maintained with zero-filling applied to any dates where no activity is recorded.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_count` (daily total)

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average confirmed user transactions added per second.

Transactions per second

Blockchains (L2)

Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Astar is a collective driving web3 adoption by connecting people through blockchain technology, business innovation, decentralized applications, and seamless digital experiences in the Polkadot ecosystem. Astar was founded by Sota Watanabe and launched in 2021.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Part of the transaction fees is burned (revenue). Astar’s investors include Binance, Polychain Capital, Crypto.com, etc.

Astar Substrate

Transactions per second

Transactions per second

Chain breakdown