# Astar Substrate Average transaction fee Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average transaction fee measures the average fee paid by users per transaction on Astar Substrate. This metric reflects the typical cost of interacting with the network, encompassing both native Substrate extrinsics and Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatible transactions. The value is calculated by dividing the total fees collected in a given period by the total number of transactions processed, with all values normalized to USD.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `TransactionFeePaid` events from `transactionPayment` contracts, `Executed` events from `ethereum` contracts, and `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from `balances` contracts, covering Astar Substrate
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds for the native Astar asset

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Substrate layer fee extraction

- **Purpose**: Captures fees paid for native Substrate-level extrinsics
- **Logic**: `TransactionFeePaid` events are parsed from `transactionPayment` contracts. The total transaction fee is calculated by summing the base fee and the transaction tip extracted from the event data. Amounts are normalized by decimal precision.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee`, `transaction_tip`

### Component B: EVM layer fee extraction

- **Purpose**: Captures fees paid for Ethereum-compatible transactions executed on Astar Substrate
- **Logic**: `Executed` events from `ethereum` contracts are used to identify valid EVM transactions and their signers. Fees are determined by parsing `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from `balances` contracts within the `ethereum` pallet. The net fee is calculated by subtracting deposits from withdrawals for the specific transaction signer. Amounts are normalized by decimal precision.
- **Key fields**: `signer_address`, `transaction_fee`

### Component C: Transaction counting

- **Purpose**: Establishes the denominator for the average fee calculation
- **Logic**: For the Substrate layer, distinct transaction IDs are counted from the extrinsics table. For the EVM layer, unique execution events are identified by concatenating the extrinsic ID and the event index. The total transaction count is aggregated daily across both execution environments.
- **Key fields**: `extrinsic_id`, `event_index`

### Component D: USD conversion and averaging

- **Purpose**: Normalizes fees to a common currency and calculates the final average
- **Logic**: Total daily fees from both the Substrate and EVM layers are summed and converted to USD using end-of-day price feeds. The average transaction fee is then calculated by dividing the total USD fee volume by the total transaction count for each day. Daily granularity is maintained using UTC day boundaries.
- **Key fields**: `fees`, `transaction_count`, `price_usd`

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Average transaction fee

Blockchains (L2)

Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Astar is a collective driving web3 adoption by connecting people through blockchain technology, business innovation, decentralized applications, and seamless digital experiences in the Polkadot ecosystem. Astar was founded by Sota Watanabe and launched in 2021.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Part of the transaction fees is burned (revenue). Astar’s investors include Binance, Polychain Capital, Crypto.com, etc.

Astar Substrate

Average transaction fee

Average transaction fee

Chain breakdown