# Astar Substrate Revenue Methodology

## 1. Overview

Revenue measures the total value of fees retained by the Astar network from transaction processing and user activity. For Astar Substrate, this includes all transaction fees and tips generated on both the native Substrate layer and the Ethereum-compatible EVM layer. All fees collected by the network are classified as revenue, reflecting the total economic value captured by the protocol from its users.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `TransactionFeePaid` events from `transactionPayment` pallets, `Executed` events from `ethereum` pallets, and `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from `balances` pallets, covering Astar Substrate
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds for the native Astar asset

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Substrate native fee extraction

- **Purpose**: Captures transaction fees and tips from the native Substrate execution layer
- **Logic**: `TransactionFeePaid` events are parsed from the `transactionPayment` pallet. The total transaction value is calculated by summing the base transaction fee and the voluntary transaction tip provided by the user.
- **Key fields**: `transaction_fee`, `transaction_tip`

### Component B: EVM-compatible fee extraction

- **Purpose**: Captures transaction fees generated through the Ethereum-compatibility layer (EVM)
- **Logic**: User transactions are identified using `Executed` events from the `ethereum` pallet to determine the signer address. Fee payments are then calculated by aggregating `Withdraw` and `Deposit` events from the `balances` pallet where the associated pallet is identified as `ethereum`. The final fee is determined by calculating the net difference between these balance movements for the transaction signer.
- **Key fields**: `event_method` (Withdraw/Deposit), `event_data` (fee amounts), `signer_address`

### Component C: USD conversion and aggregation

- **Purpose**: Normalizes all collected fees into a single USD-denominated revenue metric
- **Logic**: All extracted fees from both native and EVM layers are aggregated. The resulting amounts are normalized by decimal precision and multiplied by the end-of-day price feeds for the native Astar asset. Data is aggregated at a daily granularity using UTC day boundaries. Revenue is set equal to total fees, as 100% of the network fees are currently attributed to the protocol.
- **Key fields**: `fees`, `timestamp`, `price_usd`

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

fees * take_rate (illustrative — revenue is observed directly per project, not derived from take_rate)

Fee revenue retained after supply-side payouts. Before cost of revenue (e.g. L2 DA fees) and before operating expenses.

Revenue

Blockchains (L2)

Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Astar is a collective driving web3 adoption by connecting people through blockchain technology, business innovation, decentralized applications, and seamless digital experiences in the Polkadot ecosystem. Astar was founded by Sota Watanabe and launched in 2021.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Part of the transaction fees is burned (revenue). Astar’s investors include Binance, Polychain Capital, Crypto.com, etc.

Astar Substrate

Revenue

Revenue

Chain breakdown