# Astar Substrate Expenses Methodology

## 1. Overview

Expenses measures the total cost incurred by Astar Substrate to operate the network and incentivize ecosystem participation. This metric specifically captures the value of native assets minted as block rewards for distribution to dApp operators and stakers. It serves as a measure of the inflationary cost required to maintain the protocol's dApp staking mechanism and overall network security.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `Minted` events from the `balances` pallet on Astar
- **External data**: End-of-day price feeds for native assets

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Astar Substrate block reward extraction

- **Purpose**: Capture native asset emissions used for network incentives.
- **Logic**: `Minted` events from the `balances` pallet are identified and parsed from the blockchain. The second element of the event data is extracted to determine the quantity of assets created. These emissions represent the rewards distributed to dApp operators and stakers as part of the Astar inflation model.
- **Key fields**: `event_data` (reward amount), `timestamp` (event timing).

### Component B: USD conversion and aggregation

- **Purpose**: Normalize reward values to USD for standardized reporting.
- **Logic**: Native asset amounts are normalized by decimal precision. The resulting values are multiplied by end-of-day price feeds to calculate the USD equivalent. Data is aggregated by day using UTC boundaries, and zero-filling is applied to ensure a continuous daily time series.

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Total project operating and incentive expenses.

Expenses

Blockchains (L2)

Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Astar is a collective driving web3 adoption by connecting people through blockchain technology, business innovation, decentralized applications, and seamless digital experiences in the Polkadot ecosystem. Astar was founded by Sota Watanabe and launched in 2021.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Part of the transaction fees is burned (revenue). Astar’s investors include Binance, Polychain Capital, Crypto.com, etc.

Astar Substrate

Expenses

Expenses

Chain breakdown