# Astar Substrate Average Relay Chain inclusion time Methodology

## 1. Overview

Average Relay Chain inclusion time measures the average duration between the production of a block on Astar Substrate and its subsequent inclusion on the Polkadot Relay Chain. This metric serves as a primary indicator of consensus latency and finality speed within the Polkadot multichain ecosystem. It reflects the efficiency of the communication and validation processes required for parachain blocks to be finalized by the Relay Chain.

## 2. Data sources

- **Blockchain events**: `CandidateIncluded` events from `paraInclusion` pallets and block data, covering Polkadot and Astar Substrate
- **External data**: Asset metadata for chain identification

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Relay Chain event extraction

- **Purpose**: Identify when Astar Substrate blocks are included in the Polkadot Relay Chain
- **Logic**: `CandidateIncluded` events are parsed from the `paraInclusion` pallet on the Polkadot Relay Chain. Parachain identifiers and block head hashes are extracted from the event descriptor data. These records are filtered to include only those where the parachain identifier matches Astar Substrate.
- **Key fields**: `block_timestamp` (Relay Chain timing), `para_head` (block hash), `para_id` (parachain identifier)

### Component B: Parachain block association

- **Purpose**: Link Relay Chain inclusion events to original parachain blocks
- **Logic**: The extracted block head hashes from the Polkadot events are joined with block data from Astar Substrate. This alignment identifies the original production timestamp for each block that was successfully included as a candidate on the Relay Chain.
- **Key fields**: `block_hash` (Astar Substrate block identification), `timestamp` (Astar Substrate block production timing)

### Component C: Inclusion latency calculation and aggregation

- **Purpose**: Calculate the time difference and aggregate into daily averages
- **Logic**: The inclusion latency is calculated for each matched block by determining the difference between the Relay Chain event timestamp and the Astar Substrate block production timestamp, measured in milliseconds. These individual latency values are aggregated on a daily basis using the Relay Chain timestamp. A daily average is calculated by dividing the total latency by the number of included blocks within each UTC day.
- **Key fields**: `relay_chain_timestamp`, `parachain_timestamp`, `relaychain_inclusion_time` (difference in milliseconds)

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

avg(relay_inclusion_timestamp - parachain_block_timestamp)

Average time between parachain block production and Relay Chain inclusion.

Average Relay Chain inclusion time

Blockchains (L2)

Validators process transactions and receive fees from users (supply-side fees).

Astar is a collective driving web3 adoption by connecting people through blockchain technology, business innovation, decentralized applications, and seamless digital experiences in the Polkadot ecosystem. Astar was founded by Sota Watanabe and launched in 2021.

ASTR tokenholders own and govern the protocol. Part of the transaction fees is burned (revenue). Astar’s investors include Binance, Polychain Capital, Crypto.com, etc.

Astar Substrate

Average Relay Chain inclusion time

Average Relay Chain inclusion time

Chain breakdown