PNS, tokenized on infrastructure provided by Aktionariat AG, is a tokenized equity instrument that represents registered ownership in parknsleep AG Shares SHA, with the issuing company itself acting as the legal issuer of the underlying shares [S1][S2].

PNS gives holders equity exposure to parknsleep AG Shares SHA (PNS) rather than a fixed yield, and the token directly is the registered share recorded on an onchain shareholder registry [S1][S2]. If the underlying company issues a dividend or distribution and registration and eligibility requirements are met, holders may receive it [S3]. A license fee is hardcoded into the Brokerbot smart contract and is borne by the seller on each sale transaction [S2].

Each issuing company is the legal issuer of its own shares under Swiss law, while Aktionariat AG, a Swiss company, provides the tokenization technology [S4][S2]. Tokens are ledger-based securities under Swiss DLT Law, conferring ownership effected through updated Articles of Association and Registration, Tokenholder and Shareholder Agreements [S4]. Shares are freely transferable by default, though issuers can enforce per-issuer KYC and AML restrictions through a smart-contract Allowlist [S2]. There is no fiat redemption; the Brokerbot acts as primary market and repurchaser, with peer-to-peer trading also supported [S3][S2]. Investors hold tokens in a self-custody Aktionariat wallet [S3].

Tokens follow the ERC-20 standard and are issued on Ethereum, Polygon and OP Mainnet, with Chainlink CCIP enabling cross-chain transfers [S3][S2][S5]. Shares are minted as tokens and delivered atomically against payment through the Brokerbot automated market maker, which sets price using an issuer-configured bonding curve [S3][S5]. Settlement occurs onchain in a Swiss-franc stablecoin such as ZCHF or in ETH [S5].

<Sources
  retrievedAt="2026-06-19"
  items={[
    { id: "S1", url: "https://aktionariat.com" },
    { id: "S2", url: "https://www.aktionariat.com/blogs/allowlist" },
    { id: "S3", url: "https://aktionariat.com/technology" },
    { id: "S4", url: "https://www.aktionariat.com/solutions/tokenization" },
    { id: "S5", url: "https://docs.aktionariat.com/en/for-investors/how-to/fund-wallet-mt-pelerin/" },
  ]}
/>


# Asset holders methodology

## 1. Overview

Asset holders is measured as the number of unique addresses that hold a non-zero balance of a project’s assets. This metric is used by investors to track the expansion or contraction of the asset holder base over time. Data is aggregated daily for each tracked asset across all supported blockchain networks.

## 2. Data sources

- **EVM chain data**: Ledger state and ERC-20 `Transfer` events, covering EVM-compatible chains (Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Polygon, Optimism, and others).
- **Solana instructions**: SPL token account data and transfer instructions.
- **Other chain types**: Account and balance data from Aptos, Near, and Polkadot Asset Hub.
- **Asset metadata**: Token contract addresses and decimal precision retrieved from asset metadata.

## 3. Step-by-step calculation

### Component A: Address balance identification

- **Purpose**: Identify all unique addresses associated with a specific token and determine their current holdings.
- **Logic**: For EVM-compatible chains, balances are derived by parsing ERC-20 `Transfer` events or by querying the ledger state for all addresses that have interacted with the token contract. On Solana, account balances are retrieved from the SPL token program. Similar account-based balance records are extracted for Aptos, Near, and Polkadot Asset Hub to identify the population of potential holders.
- **Key fields**: `token_address` (the contract address of the asset), `address` (the unique identifier of the holder), `timestamp` (the time of the state record).

### Component B: Normalization and non-zero filtering

- **Purpose**: Ensure token amounts are accurate and exclude addresses that no longer hold the asset.
- **Logic**: Decimal precision is retrieved from token metadata for each asset. All raw amounts are normalized by decimal precision. A filter is applied to exclude any address where the resulting balance is zero. Only addresses with a positive balance are retained for the final count.
- **Key fields**: `amount` (the normalized quantity of tokens held), `decimals` (the precision factor for the asset).

### Component C: Daily aggregation and gap filling

- **Purpose**: Calculate the final daily count and ensure continuity in the time series.
- **Logic**: Unique addresses are counted for each asset per chain on a daily grain. The data is combined across all chains to provide a total holder count per asset. For days where no new balance changes are recorded, the metric is filled with zero values or the previous known state is maintained to ensure a continuous daily record.
- **Key fields**: `asset_holders` (the count of unique addresses), `timestamp` (the day of the observation).

*This methodology was automatically generated by Token Terminal's methodology analyzer.*

Unique addresses holding a non-zero balance of the asset.

Asset holders

Tokenized stocks

Aktionariat generates revenue through platform fees for equity tokenization services, Brokerbot installations, and ongoing cap table management. The platform deploys smart contracts on Ethereum, Polygon, Optimism, and Base that automate shareholder registry updates, transfer restrictions, and secondary market liquidity.

Aktionariat is an equity tokenization platform that enables private companies to issue, manage, and trade shares on blockchain. Built on Swiss DLT Law, the platform provides an end-to-end ecosystem including an Issuer Portal for companies, a Portfolio App for investors, and a Brokerbot smart contract for automated on-chain share trading with integrated liquidity pools.

Aktionariat AG is a Swiss-based company providing equity tokenization infrastructure for private companies and their investors.

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Real-world asset (RWA) issuers

Aktionariat

Parknsleep AG Shares SHA (PNS) is a tokenized share of VC/PE fund issued by Aktionariat through parknsleep AG and distributed through Aktionariat AG.

Each token represents one underlying share and entitles holders to dividends.

The underlying shares are held in accounts segregated from the issuer's own funds, with Aktionariat AG as transfer agent.

Holders can buy and sell on the issuer-operated venue.

parknsleep AG is structured under the Swiss DLT Act.

Holder terms are governed by the law of Switzerland.

PNS has been issued on Ethereum as an ERC-20 token since August 2023.

parknsleep AG Shares SHAPNS